Last data update: May 20, 2024. (Total: 46824 publications since 2009)
Records 1-5 (of 5 Records) |
Query Trace: Harp V[original query] |
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Applying instructional design strategies and behavior theory to household disaster preparedness training
Thomas TN , Sobelson RK , Wigington CJ , Davis AL , Harp VH , Leander-Griffith M , Cioffi JP . J Public Health Manag Pract 2017 24 (1) e16-e25 CONTEXT: Interventions and media campaigns promoting household disaster preparedness have produced mixed results in affecting behaviors. In large part, this is due to the limited application of instructional design strategies and behavior theory, such as the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). This study describes the development and evaluation of Ready CDC, an intervention designed to increase household disaster preparedness among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) workforce. OBJECTIVES: (1) Describe the instructional design strategies employed in the development of Ready CDC and (2) evaluate the intervention's impact on behavior change and factors influencing stage progression for household disaster preparedness behavior. DESIGN: Ready CDC was adapted from the Federal Emergency Management Agency's (FEMA's) Ready campaign. Offered to CDC staff September 2013-November 2015, it consisted of a preassessment of preparedness attitudes and behaviors, an in-person training, behavioral reinforcement communications, and a 3-month follow-up postassessment. RESULTS: Ready CDC employed well-accepted design strategies, including presenting stimulus material and enhancing transfer of desired behavior. Excluding those in the TTM "maintenance" stage at baseline, this study determined 44% of 208 participants progressed at least 1 stage for developing a written disaster plan. Moreover, assessment of progression by stage found among participants in the "precontemplation" (n = 16), "contemplation" (n = 15), and "preparation" (n = 125) stages at baseline for assembling an emergency kit, 25%, 27%, and 43% moved beyond the "preparation" stage, respectively. Factors influencing stage movement included knowledge, attitudes, and community resiliency but varied depending on baseline stage of change. CONCLUSIONS: Employing instructional strategies and behavioral theories in preparedness interventions optimizes the potential for individuals to adopt preparedness behaviors. Study findings suggest that stage movement toward household preparedness was not spurious but rather associated with the intervention. Therefore, Ready CDC was successful in moving staff along the continuous process of adopting household disaster preparedness behaviors, thus providing a model for future interventions. The TTM suggests factors such as knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy will differ by stage and may differentially predict progression towards behavior adoption. Thus, tailoring interventions based on an individual's stage of change optimizes the potential for individuals to adopt desired behaviors. |
Proposing a framework for mobile applications in disaster health learning
Liu AG , Altman BA , Schor K , Strauss-Riggs K , Thomas TN , Sager C , Leander-Griffith M , Harp V . Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2017 11 (4) 1-9 Mobile applications, or apps, have gained widespread use with the advent of modern smartphone technologies. Previous research has been conducted in the use of mobile devices for learning. However, there is decidedly less research into the use of mobile apps for health learning (eg, patient self-monitoring, medical student learning). This deficiency in research on using apps in a learning context is especially severe in the disaster health field. The objectives of this article were to provide an overview of the current state of disaster health apps being used for learning, to situate the use of apps in a health learning context, and to adapt a learning framework for the use of mobile apps in the disaster health field. A systematic literature review was conducted by using the PRISMA checklist, and peer-reviewed articles found through the PubMed and CINAHL databases were examined. This resulted in 107 nonduplicative articles, which underwent a 3-phase review, culminating in a final selection of 17 articles. While several learning models were identified, none were sufficient as an app learning framework for the field. Therefore, we propose a learning framework to inform the use of mobile apps in disaster health learning. |
Influences of preparedness knowledge and beliefs on household disaster preparedness
Thomas TN , Leander-Griffith M , Harp V , Cioffi JP . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015 64 (35) 965-71 In response to concern about strengthening the nation's ability to protect its population and way of life (i.e., security) and ability to adapt and recover from emergencies (i.e., resilience), the President of the United States issued Presidential Policy Directive 8: National Preparedness (PPD-8) (1). Signed on March 30, 2011, PPD-8 is a directive for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to coordinate a comprehensive campaign across government, private and nonprofit sectors, and individuals to build and sustain national preparedness. Despite efforts by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and other organizations to educate U.S. residents on becoming prepared, growth in specific preparedness behaviors, including actions taken in advance of a disaster to be better prepared to respond to and recover, has been limited (2). In 2012, only 52% of U.S. residents surveyed by FEMA reported having supplies for a disaster (2), a decline from 57% who reported having such supplies in 2009 (3). It is believed that knowledge influences behavior, and that attitudes and beliefs, which are correlated with knowledge, might also influence behavior (4). To determine the association between knowledge and beliefs and household preparedness, CDC analyzed baseline data from Ready CDC, a personal disaster preparedness intervention piloted among Atlanta- and Morgantown-based CDC staff members during 2013–2015. Compared with persons with basic preparedness knowledge, persons with advanced knowledge were more likely to have assembled an emergency kit (44% versus 17%), developed a written household disaster plan (9% versus 4%), and received county emergency alert notifications (63% versus 41%). Similarly, differences in household preparedness behaviors were correlated with beliefs about preparedness. Persons identified as having strong beliefs in the effectiveness of disaster preparedness engaged in preparedness behaviors at levels 7%–30% higher than those with weaker preparedness beliefs. Understanding the influences of knowledge and beliefs on household disaster preparedness might provide an opportunity to inform messages promoting household preparedness. |
A whole community approach to emergency management: strategies and best practices of seven community programs
Sobelson RK , Wigington CJ , Harp V , Bronson BB . J Emerg Manag 2015 13 (4) 349-357 OBJECTIVE: In 2011, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) published the Whole Community Approach to Emergency Management: Principles, Themes, and Pathways for Action, outlining the need for increased individual preparedness and more widespread community engagement to enhance the overall resiliency and security of communities. However, there is limited evidence of how to build a whole community approach to emergency management that provides real-world, practical examples and applications. This article reports on the strategies and best practices gleaned from seven community programs fostering a whole community approach to emergency management. DESIGN: The project team engaged in informal conversations with community stakeholders to learn about their programs during routine monitoring activities, site visits, and during an in-person, facilitated workshop. A total of 88 community members associated with the programs examples contributed. Qualitative analysis was conducted. RESULTS: The findings highlighted best practices gleaned from the seven programs that other communities can leverage to build and maintain their own whole community programs. The findings from the programs also support and validate the three principles and six strategic themes outlined by FEMA. CONCLUSIONS: The findings, like the whole community document, highlight the importance of understanding the community, building relationships, empowering action, and fostering social capital to build a whole community approach. |
Diversity of Bartonella spp. in bats, Southern Vietnam
Anh PH , Van Cuong N , Son NT , Tue NT , Kosoy M , Woolhouse ME , Baker S , Bryant JE , Thwaites G , Carrique-Mas JJ , Rabaa MA . Emerg Infect Dis 2015 21 (7) 1266-7 To investigate bats as potential reservoirs for Bartonella spp. in Vietnam, we screened a range of bat species to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella spp. in bat populations in southern Vietnam. In a study of bat biodiversity in southern Vietnam, 60 bats were trapped at 6 sites in Dong Nai Culture and Nature Reserve and Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam, in May 2013. Bats were trapped by using mist nets and harp traps set at ground level, and were euthanized by using isoflurane (http://www.avma.org/KB/Policies/Documents/euthanasia.pdf) for cataloguing at the Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, Hanoi. Blood specimens were collected by cardiac puncture, and external measurements were recorded. Bats were speciated according to morphology (1,2); trapped bats represented 10 species belonging to 5 genera. All species have been given a conservation status of least concern (http://www.iucnredlist.org/). | Total nucleic acid was extracted from blood samples by using the MagNApure automated nucleic acid extraction system (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Extracted nucleic acid was subjected to conventional PCR to detect Bartonella spp. DNA by using primers specific for the citrate synthase A gene (3). A positive PCR result was determined by amplification of a 729-bp fragment. Twenty-one (35.0%) of 60 bat blood specimens had a result consistent with presence of Bartonella spp. (Table). Among insectivorous or carnivorous bats, Bartonella prevalence was 20 (45.5%) of 44 compared with 1 (6.2%) of 16 fruit-eating bats (χ2 = 6.3, p = 0.01). The prevalence of Bartonella spp. did not differ between sampling locations (Table) or by estimated age of the bat (determined by deviation above or below the median tibial length of each species); prevalence was 33.3% (9/27) in younger bats and 36.4% (12/33) in older bats. |
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